조동사(can, may, must, will)

조동사(can, may, must, will)

1. can

의미: ~할 수 있다(가능), ~해도 된다(허락)

긍정문	주어+can+동사원형
부정문	주어 + cannot(=can't) + 동사원형
의문문	Can + 주어 + 동사원형~?	긍정: Yes, 주어 + can 부정: No, 주어 + can't

I / You /They / He / Tom can cook.

He / Tom cans cook. (X)

He / Tom can cooks. (X)

·He cannot / can't cook.

·He may not / must not / will not cook.

* be동사와 조동사는 비슷

·He is happy. Is he happy?

= be동사

·He can cook. Can he cook?

= 조동사

·He feels happy. Does he feel happy?

= 일반동사

Exercise

· I not can swim in the water.

= I Can't swim in the water.

· Can Sarah cooks Italian food?

= Can Sarah cook Italian food?

·Turtles can moves on the ground.

=Turtles can move on the ground.

·He cans make a paper airplane.

= He can make a paper airplane.

·그녀는 운전을 못한다.

= She can't drive a car.

·제가 질문을 해도 되나요?

= Can I ask you a question?

2. may

의미: ~해도 된다(허락), ~일지도 모른다(추측)

긍정문	주어 + may + 동사원형
부정문	주어 + may not + 동사원형
의문문	May + 주어 + 동사원형~?	긍정: Yes, 주어+ may. 부정: No, 주어 + may not.

·Sandy is a reporter.

·Sandy may be a reporter.

* may와 can은 허락의 의미

·May I use this pen?

·Yes, you may. / No, you may not.

·Can I use this pen?

·Yes, you can. / No, you can't.

Exercise

· She may be right. [추측]

· May I go to the movies? [허락]

· You may leave now. [허락]

· Kevin may not be a singer [추측]

·제가 혼자 가도 되나요?

= May I go alone?

·그는 아마 그의 방에 없을지도 모른다. 

= He may not be is his room.

3. must

의미: ~해야 한다(강한 의무), ~임에 틀림없다(강한 추측)

긍정문	주어 + must + 동사원형
부정문	주어 + must not + 동사원형
의문문	Must + 주어 + 동사원형~?	긍정: Yes, 주어 + must 부정: No, 주어 must not.

* 추측에도 강도가 있다.

·He is sick. (사실)

·He must be sick. (강한 추측) 

·He may be sick. (약한 추측)

Exercise

· You must come back early. [강한 의무]

· Carl must be very hungry. [강한 추측]

· We must wear a school uniform. [강한 의무]

· She must be Joe' sister [강한 추측]

·너는 여기에서 조용히 해야 한다.

= You must be quiet here.

·너는 시험에 늦으면 안 된다.

= You must not be late for the test.

4. will

의미: ~ 할 것이다(의지), ~할 것이다(미래의 계획)

긍정문	주어 + will + 동사원형
부정문	주어 + will not[won't] + 동사원형
의문문	Will + 주어 + 동사원형~?	긍정: Yes, 주어 + will 부정: No, 주어+ won't

* 예정된 계획은 'be going to + 동사원형

·I am going to visit Jeju Island this Friday.

·I am going to go to Jeju Island this Friday.

 ~ 할 것이다.

·Are you going to ~ ?

· I'm not going to ~

Exercise

·I willn't call him again?

= I won't call him again?

·David will makes a cake for me.

= David will make a cake for me.

·Will you comes back this weekend?

= Will you come back this weekend?

·그 쇼가 곧 시작될 것이다.

= The show will start soon.

·너는 오늘 Chris를 만날 거니?

= Are you going to meet Chris today?